NEET 2012 Biology Syllabus : National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test

 Here we have described in detail the various topics that you should cover in the NEET 2012 Biology syllabus:                        

                    Biology Class XI Syllabus for NEET 2012

UNIT I: Diversity in Living World
Details:

• What is living? ; Biodiversity; Need for classification; Three domains of life;Taxonomy & Systematics; Concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy;Binomial nomenclature; Tools for study of Taxonomy – Museums, Zoos,Herbaria, Botanical gardens.
• Five kingdom classification; salient features and classification of Monera; Protistaand Fungi into major groups; Lichens; Viruses and Viroids.
• Salient features and classification of plants into major groups-Algae, Bryophytes,Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms (three to five salient anddistinguishing features and at least two examples of each category); Angiospermsclassificationup to class, characteristic features and examples).
• Salient features and classification of animals-nonchordate up to phyla level andchordate up to classes level (three to five salient features and at least two examples).

UNIT II: Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants
Details:

• Morphology and modifications; Tissues; Anatomy and functions of different partsof flowering plants: Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence- cymose and recemose,flower, fruit and seed (To be dealt along with the relevant practical of thePractical Syllabus).
• Animal tissues; Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems(digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect(cockroach). (Brief account only)

UNIT III: Cell Structure and Function
Details:

• Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life; Structure of prokaryotic andeukaryotic cell; Plant cell and animal cell; Cell envelope, cell membrane, cellwall; Cell organelles-structure and function; Endomembrane system-endoplasmicreticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids,micro bodies; Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultra structure andfunction); Nucleus-nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus.
• Chemical constituents of living cells: Biomolecules-structure and function ofproteins, carbodydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; Enzymes-types, properties, enzymeaction.
• B Cell division: Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance.

UNIT IV: Plant Physiology
Details:-

• Transport in plants: Movement of water, gases and nutrients; Cell to celltransport-Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport; Plant – water relations– Imbibition, water potential, osmosis, plasmolysis; Long distance transport ofwater – Absorption, apoplast, symplast, transpiration pull, root pressure andguttation; Transpiration-Opening and closing of stomata; Uptake andtranslocation of mineral nutrients-Transport of food, phloem transport, Mass flowhypothesis; Diffusion of gases (brief mention).
• Mineral nutrition: Essential minerals, macro and micronutrients and their role;Deficiency symptoms; Mineral toxicity; Elementary idea of Hydroponics as amethod to study mineral nutrition; Nitrogen metabolism-Nitrogen cycle,biological nitrogen fixation.
• Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis as a means of Autotrophic nutrition; Site ofphotosynthesis take place; pigments involved in Photosynthesis (Elementaryidea); Photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; Cyclic and noncyclic and photophosphorylation; Chemiosmotic hypothesis; Photorespiration C3and C4 pathways; Factors affecting photosynthesis.
• Respiration: Exchange gases; Cellular respiration-glycolysis, fermentation(anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); Energy relations-Number of ATP molecules generated; Amphibolic pathways; Respiratoryquotient.
• Plant growth and development: Seed germination; Phases of Plant growth andplant growth rate; Conditions of growth; Differentiation, dedifferentiation andredifferentiation; Sequence of developmental process in a plant cell; Growthregulators-auxin,gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA; Seed dormancy;Vernalisation; Photoperiodism.

UNIT IV: Human Physiology
Details:-

• Digestion and absorption; Alimentary canal and digestive glands; Role of digestiveenzymes and gastrointestinal hormones; Peristalsis, digestion, absorption andassimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; Caloric value of proteins,carbohydrates and fats; Egestion; Nutritional and digestive disorders – PEM,indigestion, constipation, vomiting, jaundice, diarrhea.
• Breathing and Respiration: Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratorysystem in humans; Mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans-Exchange ofgases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration Respiratory volumes; Disordersrelated to respiration-Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational respiratory disorders.
• Body fluids and circulation: Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation ofblood; Composition of lymph and its function; Human circulatory system-Structure ofhuman heart and blood vessels; Cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG, Doublecirculation; Regulation of cardiac activity; Disorders of circulatory system-Hypertension, Coronary artery disease, Angina pectoris, Heart failure.
• Excretory products and their elimination: Modes of excretion- Ammonotelism,ureotelism, uricotelism; Human excretory system-structure and fuction; Urineformation, Osmoregulation; Regulation of kidney function-Renin-angiotensin, AtrialNatriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes insipidus; Role of other organs in excretion;Disorders; Uraemia, Renal failure, Renal calculi, Nephritis; Dialysis and artificialkidney.
• Locomotion and Movement: Types of movement- ciliary, fiagellar, muscular;Skeletal muscle- contractile proteins and muscle contraction; Skeletal system and itsfunctions (To be dealt with the relevant practical of Practical syllabus); Joints;Disorders of muscular and skeletal system-Myasthenia gravis, Tetany, Musculardystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout.
• Neural control and coordination: Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humanscentralnervous system, peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system;Generation and conduction of nerve impulse; Reflex action; Sense organs; Elementarystructure and function of eye and ear.
• Chemical coordination and regulation: Endocrine glands and hormones; Humanendocrine system-Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal,Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of hormone action (Elementary Idea); Role of hormonesas messengers and regulators, Hypo-and hyperactivity and related disorders (Commondisorders e.g. Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, goiter, exopthalmic goiter, diabetes,Addison’s disease).

(Imp: Diseases and disorders mentioned above to be dealt in brief.)

                             Biology Class XII Syllabus for NEET 2012

UNIT I: Reproduction
Details:-

• Reproduction in organisms: Reproduction, a characteristic feature of allorganisms for continuation of species; Modes of reproduction – Asexual andsexual; Asexual reproduction; Modes-Binary fission, sporulation, budding,gemmule, fragmentation; vegetative propagation in plants.
• Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; Development of maleand female gametophytes; Pollination-types, agencies and examples; Outbreedingdevices; Pollen-Pistil interaction; Double fertilization; Post fertilization events-Development of endosperm and embryo, Development of seed and formation offruit; Special modes-apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance ofseed and fruit formation.
• Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopicanatomy of testis and ovary; Gametogenesis-spermatogenesis & oogenesis;Menstrual cycle; Fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation,implantation; Pregnancy and placenta formation (Elementary idea); Parturition(Elementary idea); Lactation (Elementary idea).
• Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexuallytransmitted diseases (STD); Birth control-Need and Methods, Contraception andMedical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; Infertility and assistedreproductive technologies – IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (Elementary idea for generalawareness).

UNIT II: Genetics and Evolution
Details:-

• Heredity and variation: Mendelian Inheritance; Deviations from Mendelism-Incomplete dominance, Co-dominance, Multiple alleles and Inheritance of bloodgroups, Pleiotropy; Elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; Chromosometheory of inheritance; Chromosomes and genes; Sex determination-In humans,birds, honey bee; Linkage and crossing over; Sex linked inheritance-Haemophilia,Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans-Thalassemia; Chromosomaldisorders in humans; Down’s syndrome, Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes.
• Molecular basis of Inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as geneticmaterial; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Centraldogma; Transcription, genetic code, translation; Gene expression and regulation-Lac Operon; Genome and human genome project; DNA finger printing.
• Evolution: Origin of life; Biological evolution and evidences for biologicalevolution from Paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecularevidence); Darwin’s contribution, Modern Synthetic theory of Evolution;Mechanism of evolution-Variation (Mutation and Recombination) and NaturalSelection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift;Hardy-Weinberg’s principle; Adaptive Radiation; Human evolution.

UNIT III: Biology and Human Welfare
Details:-

• Health and Disease; Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (Malaria,Filariasis, Ascariasis. Typhoid, Pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ringworm); Basic concepts of immunology-vaccines; Cancer, HIV and AIDS;Adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse.
• Improvement in food production; Plant breeding, tissue culture, single cellprotein, Biofortification; Apiculture and Animal husbandry.
• Microbes in human welfare: In household food processing, industrial production,sewage treatment, energy generation and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers.

UNIT IV: Biotechnology and Its Applications
Details:-

• Principles and process of Biotechnology: Genetic engineering (RecombinantDNA technology).
• Application of Biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin andvaccine production, gene therapy; Genetically modified organisms-Bt crops;Transgenic Animals; Biosafety issues-Biopiracy and patents.

UNIT V: Ecology and environment
Details:-

• Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche; Population and ecologicaladaptations; Population interactions-mutualism, competition, predation,parasitism; Population attributes-growth, birth rate and death rate, agedistribution.
• Ecosystem: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; Energy flow;Pyramids of number, biomass, energy; Nutrient cycling (carbon andphosphorous); Ecological succession; Ecological Services-Carbon fixation,pollination, oxygen release.
• Biodiversity and its conservation: Concept of Biodiversity; Patterns ofBiodiversity; Importance of Biodiversity; Loss of Biodiversity; Biodiversityconservation; Hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book,biosphere reserves, National parks and sanctuaries.
• Environmental issues: Air pollution and its control; Water pollution and itscontrol; Agrochemicals and their effects; Solid waste management; Radioactivewaste management; Greenhouse effect and global warning; Ozone depletion;Deforestation; Any three case studies as success stories addressing environmental issues.

NEET 2012: Physics & Chemistry